Nigeria’s journey as a federation has always been defined by the struggle to balance unity with diversity. With over 300 ethnic groups, diverse religions, and wide cultural differences, the architects of the federation formally shaped under the Lyttleton Constitution of 1954 envisioned a system where power would be shared between the center and the regions.
At the heart of federalism lies the principle of autonomy, where each level of government exercises authority over certain institutions. Yet, in Nigeria’s case, many argue that what exists today is a federation only in name. From the recurring tussles over resource control to persistent calls for restructuring, the cracks in the system are evident. But perhaps the most urgent symptom of this imbalance is the country’s inability to manage its worsening insecurity. With violent crimes multiplying and the central police force stretched beyond its limits, the question of state policing is no longer just academic It has become a matter of survival.
In many classical federations such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, state or provincial police forces coexist with federal security agencies. Each state maintains law and order within its jurisdiction, while the federal government handles broader national security issues. This layered approach not only reflects true federalism but also ensures that security is responsive, localized, and effective.
For years, insecurity has eaten deep into the soul of our nation. From banditry and kidnapping in the North, to separatist agitations in the South-East, to oil theft and militancy in the Niger Delta, our centralized policing structure has proven overstretched and ineffective. Citizens live in fear, communities are vulnerable, and the federal police command remains too far removed to respond swiftly and decisively.
State policing offers us a way forward. It is not just a reform of structure but a reform of trust. A state-controlled police force can be more responsive, closer to the people, and better equipped with local knowledge. Officers who understand the terrain, speak the language, and share the cultural context are far more effective at intelligence gathering and crime prevention. Beyond that, communities are more likely to collaborate with security structures they feel are accountable to them.
We already see the shadows of this future in regional security outfits like Amotekun in the South-West and Ebube Agu in the South-East. In Ondo State, Amotekun operatives have successfully curbed rising cases of kidnapping along major highways, restoring confidence to travelers. In Oyo State, farmers reported being able to return to farmlands previously abandoned due to herdsmen-related attacks, thanks to the presence of Amotekun. These are imperfect but important experiments — proof that Nigerians are not only ready for state policing, but desperate for it. The constitutional bottlenecks are what remain.
Critics argue that state policing might be abused by governors or local elites. This concern is valid. But rather than abandon the idea, we must design strong institutional safeguards. Transparency, independent oversight bodies, and citizen-driven accountability mechanisms can ensure that state policing strengthens democracy rather than undermines it. Civil society organizations, like Connected Development (CODE), have consistently demonstrated through initiatives such as FollowTheMoney that citizen monitoring builds trust and accountability in governance. The same principle can be applied to policing.
The link between security and development cannot be overstated. When insecurity thrives, investment withers, schools close, farmers abandon their lands, and young people lose hope. If Nigeria is to protect its resources, from farmlands to oil pipelines, then security must be localized and proactive. State policing, therefore, is not just a law enforcement issue; it is an economic and developmental necessity.
True federalism is a journey, not an event. State policing will not solve all our problems, but it is a critical step in the right direction. It will decentralize power, build trust between government and citizens, and lay the foundation for states to manage both their security and their resources more responsibly.
Nigeria has reached a tipping point. Every day we delay reform, more lives are lost, more communities are displaced, and more young people lose faith in the promise of this country. Policymakers must rise above partisan interests and prioritize the safety of citizens. The National Assembly must urgently revisit constitutional amendments to pave the way for state policing, while state governments must commit to transparent recruitment, training, and oversight.
Other federations like the United States, India, and South Africa have shown that multi-layered policing systems work, combining federal oversight with local responsiveness. Nigeria cannot afford to remain stuck in a centralized model that has consistently failed its people.
More than ever, Nigeria needs state police, not tomorrow, not someday, but now. Citizens deserve a system that protects them, empowers them, and brings governance closer to their realities. Anything less is a betrayal of the very idea of federalism.
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